]> Orange

mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

Huawei

benoit.claise@huawei.com

Operations and Management OPSAWG IPFIX This document specifies new IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Information Elements (IEs) to solve some issues with existing ipv6ExtensionHeaders and tcpOptions IPFIX IEs, especially the ability to export any observed IPv6 extension headers or TCP options. Discussion Venues Discussion of this document takes place on the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group mailing list (opsawg@ietf.org), which is archived at . Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at .

Introduction This document specifies new IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Information Elements (IEs) to solve a set of issues encountered with the specifications of ipv6ExtensionHeaders (to export IPv6 extension headers) and tcpOptions (to export TCP options) IEs. More details about these issues are provided in the following sub-sections.

Issues with ipv6ExtensionHeaders Information Element The specification of ipv6ExtensionHeaders IPFIX IE does not:

• Cover the full extension headers range ().
• Specify the procedure to follow when all bits are exhausted.
• Specify a means to export the order and the number of occurences of a given extension header.
• Specify how to automatically update the IANA IPFIX registry () when a new value is assigned in . Only a frozen set of extension headers can be exported using the ipv6ExtensionHeaders IE.
• Specify whether the exported values match the full enclosed values or only up to a limit imposed by hardware or software (e.g., ).
• Specify how to report the length of IPv6 extension headers.
• Optimize the encoding.
• Explain the reasoning for reporting values which do no correspond to extension headers (e.g., "Unknown Layer 4 header" or "Payload compression header").

addresses these issues.

Issues with tcpOptions Information Element The specification of tcpOptions IPFIX IE does not:

• Describe how any observed TCP option in a Flow can be exported using IPFIX. Only TCP options having a kind =< 63 can be exported in a tcpOptions IPFIX IE.
• Support means to report the observed Experimental Identifiers (ExIDs) that are carried in shared TCP options (kind=253 or 254) .
• Optimize the encoding.

addresses these issues.

Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This document uses the IPFIX-specific terminology (Information Element, Template, Collector, Data Record, Flow, Flow Record, Exporting Process, Collecting Process, etc.) defined in . As in , these IPFIX-specific terms have the first letter of a word capitalized. Also, the document uses the terms defined in and . In addition, the document makes use of the following term:

Extension header chain:

Refers to the chain of extension headers that are present in an IPv6 packet.

This term should not be confused with the IPv6 header chain, which includes the IPv6 header, zero or more IPv6 extension headers, and zero or a single Upper-Layer Header.

Information Elements for IPv6 Extension Headers The definition of the ipv6ExtensionHeaders IE is updated in to address some of the issues listed in . Because some of these limitations can't be addressed by simple updates to ipv6ExtensionHeaders, this section specifies a set of new IEs to address all the ipv6ExtensionHeaders IE limitations.

ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull Information Element

Name:

ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull

ElementID:

TBD1

Description:

IPv6 extension headers observed in packets of this Flow. The information is encoded in a set of bit fields. For each IPv6 extension header, there is a bit in this set. The bit is set to 1 if any observed packet of this Flow contains the corresponding IPv6 extension header. Otherwise, if no observed packet of this Flow contained the respective IPv6 extension header, the value of the corresponding bit is 0.

The IPv6 extension header associated with each bit is provided in [NEW_IPFIX_IPv6EH_SUBREGISTRY]. Bit 0 corresponds to the least-significant bit in the ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE while bit 254 corresponds to the most-significant bit of the IE. In doing so, few octets will be needed to encode common IPv6 extension headers when observed in a Flow.

The "No Next Header" (59) value is used if there is no upper-layer header in an IPv6 packet. Even if the value is not considered as an extension header as such, the corresponding bit is set in the ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE whenever that value is encountered in the Flow.

Several extension header chains may be observed in a Flow. These extension headers may be aggregated in one single ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull Information Element or be exported in separate ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IEs, one for each extension header chain.

This Information Element SHOULD NOT be exported if ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount Information Element is also present.

Abstract Data Type:

unsigned

Data Type Semantics:

flags

Additional Information:

See the assigned bits to each IPv6 extension header type in [NEW_IPFIX_IPv6EH_SUBREGISTRY].

See for assigned extension header types.

See for the general definition of IPv6 extension headers.

Reference:

This-Document

• Note to the RFC Editor: Please replace [NEW_IPFIX_IPv6EH_SUBREGISTRY] with the link to the "ipv6ExtensionHeaders Bits" registry created by .

ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount Information Element

Name:

ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount

ElementID:

TBD2

Description:

As per , IPv6 nodes must accept and attempt to process extension headers in occurring any number of times in the same packet. This Information Element echoes the order of extension headers and number of consecutive occurrences of the same extension header type in a Flow.

If several extension header chains are observed in a Flow, each header chain MUST be exported in a separate ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount IE.

The same extension header type may appear several times in an ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount Information Element. For example, if an IPv6 packet of a Flow includes a Hop-by-Hop Options header, a Destination Options header, a Fragment header, and Destination Options header, the ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount Information Element will report two counts of the Destination Options header: the occurrences that are observed before the Fragment header and the occurrences right after the Fragment header.

Abstract Data Type:

unsigned64

Data Type Semantics:

identifier

Additional Information:

See the assigned IPv6 extension header types in .

See for the general definition of IPv6 extension headers.

Reference:

This-Document

ipv6ExtensionHeadersLimit Information Element

Name:

ipv6ExtensionHeadersLimit

ElementID:

TBD3

Description:

When set to "true", this Information Element indicates that the exported extension headers information (e.g., ipv6ExtensionHeaderFull or ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount) does not match the full enclosed extension headers, but only up to a limit that is typically set by hardware or software.

When set to "false", this Information Element indicates that the exported extension header information matches the full enclosed extension headers.

Abstract Data Type:

boolean

Data Type Semantics:

default

Additional Information:

See for the general definition of IPv6 extension headers.

See for an example of IPv6 packets processing due to limits on extension headers.

Reference:

This-Document

ipv6ExtensionHeadersChainLength Information Element

Name:

ipv6ExtensionHeadersChainLength

ElementID:

TBD4

Description:

In theory, there are no limits on the number of IPv6 extension headers that may be present in a packet other than the path MTU. However, it was regularly reported that IPv6 packets with extension headers are often dropped in the Internet.

As discussed in , some hardware devices implement a parsing buffer of a fixed size to process packets, including all the headers. When the aggregate length of headers of an IPv6 packet exceeds that size, the packet will be discarded or deferred to a slow path.

The ipv6ExtensionHeadersChainLength IE is used to report, in octets, the length of an extension header chain observed in a Flow. The length is the sum of the length of all extension headers of the chain. Exporting such information may help identifying root causes of performance degradation, including packet drops.

Abstract Data Type:

unsigned

Data Type Semantics:

identifier

Units:

octets

Additional Information:

See for the general definition of IPv6 extension headers.

See for an overview of operational implications of IPv6 packets with extension headerss.

Reference:

This-Document

Information Elements for TCP Options The definition of the tcpOptions IE is updated in to address some of the issues listed in . Because some of these limitations can't be addressed by simple updates to tcpOptions, this section specifies a set of new IEs to address all the tcpOptions IE limitations.

tcpOptionsFull Information Element This section specifies a new IE to cover the full TCP options range.

Name:

tcpOptionsFull

ElementID:

TBD5

Description:

TCP options in packets of this Flow. The information is encoded in a set of bit fields. For each TCP option, there is a bit in this set. The bit is set to 1 if any observed packet of this Flow contains the corresponding TCP option. Otherwise, if no observed packet of this Flow contained the respective TCP option, the value of the corresponding bit is 0.

Options are mapped to bits according to their option numbers. Option number X is mapped to bit position "254 - X". This approach allows an observer to export any observed TCP option even if it does support that option and without requiring updating a mapping table.

Abstract Data Type:

unsigned

Data Type Semantics:

flags

Additional Information:

See the assigned TCP option kinds at .

See for the general definition of TCP options.

Reference:

This-Document

tcpSharedOptionExID16 Information Element

Name:

tcpSharedOptionExID16

ElementID:

TBD6

Description:

Observed Expermients IDs (ExIDs) in a shared TCP option (Kind=253 or 254) in a Flow. The information is encoded in a set of 16-bit fields. Each 16-bit field carries an observed 2-byte ExID in a shared option.

Abstract Data Type:

octetArray

Data Type Semantics:

identifier

Additional Information:

See assigned ExIDs at .

See for the general definition of TCP options.

See for the shared use of experimental TCP Options.

Reference:

This-Document

tcpSharedOptionExID32 Information Element

Name:

tcpSharedOptionExID32

ElementID:

TBD7

Description:

Observed Expermients IDs (ExIDs) in a shared TCP option (Kind=253 or 254) in a Flow. The information is encoded in a set of 32-bit fields. Each 32-bit field carries an observed 4-byte ExID in a shared option.

Abstract Data Type:

octetArray

Data Type Semantics:

identifier

Additional Information:

See assigned ExIDs at .

See for the general definition of TCP options.

See for the shared use of experimental TCP Options.

Reference:

This-Document

Operational Considerations

IPv6 Extension Headers The value of ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull and ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount IEs should be encoded in fewer octets as per the guidelines in . If an implementation determines that it includes an extension header that it does no support, then the exact observed code of that extension header will be echoed in the ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount IE (). How an implementation disambiguates between unknown upper-layer protocols vs. extension headers is not IPFIX-specific. Readers may refer, for example, to for a behavior of an intermediate nodes that encounters an unknown Next Header type. It is out of the scope of this document to discuss those considerations. The ipv6ExtensionHeadersLimit IE () may or may not be present when the ipv6ExtensionHeadersChainLength IE () is also present as these IEs are targeting distinct properties of extension headers handling.

TCP Options The value of tcpOptionsFull IE should be encoded in fewer octets as per the guidelines in . If a TCP Flow contains packets with a mix of 2-byte and 4-byte Experiment IDs, the same Template Record is used with both tcpSharedOptionExID16 and tcpSharedOptionExID32 IEs.

Examples

IPv6 Extension Headers This section provides few examples to illustrate the use of some IEs defined in the document. provides an example of reported values in an ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE for an IPv6 Flow in which only the IPv6 Destination Options header is observed. One octet is sufficient to report these observed options. Concretely, the ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE will be set to 1.

A First Example of Extension Headers

provides another example of reported values in an ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE for an IPv6 Flow in which the IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options, Routing, and Destination Options headers are observed. One octet is sufficient to report these observed options. Concretely, the ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull IE will be set to 19.

A Second Example of Extension Headers

TCP Options Given TCP kind allocation practices and the option mapping defined in , fewer octers are likely to be used for Flows with common TCP options. shows an example of reported values in a tcpOptionsFull IE for a TCP Flow in which End of Option List, Maximum Segment Size, and Window Scale options are observed. One octet is sufficient to report these observed options. Concretely, the tcpOptionsFull IE will be set to 15.

First Example of TCP Options

Security Considerations IPFIX security considerations are discussed in . This document does not add new security considerations for exporting IEs other than those already discussed in .

IANA Considerations This document requests IANA to add the following new IPFIX IEs to the IANA IPFIX registry : New IPFIX Information Elements

Value	Name	Reference
TBD1	ipv6ExtensionHeadersFull	of This-Document
TBD2	ipv6ExtensionHeaderCount	of This-Document
TBD3	ipv6ExtensionHeaderLimit	of This-Document
TBD4	ipv6ExtensionHeadersChainLength	of This-Document
TBD5	tcpOptionsFull	of This-Document
TBD6	tcpSharedOptionExID16	of This-Document
TBD7	tcpSharedOptionExID32	of This-Document

References Normative References IANA IANA IANA IANA This document specifies version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6). It obsoletes RFC 2460. This document describes how the experimental TCP option codepoints can concurrently support multiple TCP extensions, even within the same connection, using a new IANA TCP experiment identifier. This approach is robust to experiments that are not registered and to those that do not use this sharing mechanism. It is recommended for all new TCP options that use these codepoints. In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document specifies the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) protocol, which serves as a means for transmitting Traffic Flow information over the network. In order to transmit Traffic Flow information from an Exporting Process to a Collecting Process, a common representation of flow data and a standard means of communicating them are required. This document describes how the IPFIX Data and Template Records are carried over a number of transport protocols from an IPFIX Exporting Process to an IPFIX Collecting Process. This document obsoletes RFC 5101. This document specifies the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is an important transport-layer protocol in the Internet protocol stack, and it has continuously evolved over decades of use and growth of the Internet. Over this time, a number of changes have been made to TCP as it was specified in RFC 793, though these have only been documented in a piecemeal fashion. This document collects and brings those changes together with the protocol specification from RFC 793. This document obsoletes RFC 793, as well as RFCs 879, 2873, 6093, 6429, 6528, and 6691 that updated parts of RFC 793. It updates RFCs 1011 and 1122, and it should be considered as a replacement for the portions of those documents dealing with TCP requirements. It also updates RFC 5961 by adding a small clarification in reset handling while in the SYN-RECEIVED state. The TCP header control bits from RFC 793 have also been updated based on RFC 3168. This document defines the data types and management policy for the information model for the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) protocol. This information model is maintained as the IANA "IPFIX Information Elements" registry, the initial contents of which were defined by RFC 5102. This information model is used by the IPFIX protocol for encoding measured traffic information and information related to the traffic Observation Point, the traffic Metering Process, and the Exporting Process. Although this model was developed for the IPFIX protocol, it is defined in an open way that allows it to be easily used in other protocols, interfaces, and applications. This document obsoletes RFC 5102. Informative References Network nodes may discard packets if they are unable to process protocol headers of packets due to processing constraints or limits. When such packets are dropped, the sender receives no indication, so it cannot take action to address the cause of discarded packets. This specification defines several new ICMPv6 errors that can be sent by a node that discards packets because it is unable to process the protocol headers. A node that receives such an ICMPv6 error may use the information to diagnose packet loss and may modify what it sends in future packets to avoid subsequent packet discards. Orange Huawei This document provides simple fixes to the IANA IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) registry. Specifically, this document provides updates to fix a shortcoming in the description of some Information Elements (IE), updates to ensure a consistent structure when calling an existing IANA registry, and updates to fix broken pointers, orphan section references, etc. The updates are also meant to bringing some consistency among the entries of the registry. This document summarizes the operational implications of IPv6 extension headers specified in the IPv6 protocol specification (RFC 8200) and attempts to analyze reasons why packets with IPv6 extension headers are often dropped in the public Internet.

Acknowledgments Thanks to Paul Aitken and Eric Vyncke for the review and comments.