]> Telefonica

oscar.gonzalezdedios@telefonica.com

Nokia

samier.barguil_giraldo@nokia.com

Nokia

victor.lopez@nokia.com

Cisco

dceccare@cisco.com

Huawei

benoit.claise@huawei.com

Operations and Management nmop This document defines a YANG data model for representing an abstracted view of a network topology that contains Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). This document augments the 'ietf-network' data model by adding IS-IS concepts and explains how the data model can be used to represent the IS-IS topology. The YANG data model defined in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA).

Introduction Network operators perform the capacity planning for their networks and run regular what-if scenarios analysis based on representations of the real network. Those what-if analysis and capacity planning processes require, among other information, a topological view (domains, nodes, links, network interconnection) of the deployed network. This document defines a YANG data model representing an abstracted view of a network topology containing Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). It covers the topology of IP/MPLS networks running IS-IS as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) protocol. The proposed YANG model augments the "A YANG Data Model for Network Topologies" and "A YANG Data Model for Layer 3 Topologies" by adding IS-IS concepts. It is worth to highlight that the Yang model can also be used together with and when Traffic engineering characteristics are required in the topological view. This YANG data model can be used to export the IS-IS related topology directly from a network controller to Operation Support System (OSS) tools or to a higher level controller. Note that the YANG model is in this document strictly adheres to the concepts (and the YANG module) in "A YANG Data Model for Network Topologies" and"A YANG Data Model for Layer 3 Topologies" . While investigating the IS-IS topology, some limitations have discovered in , regarding how the digital map can be represented. Those limitations (and potential improvements) are covered in . This document explains the scope and purpose of the IS-IS topology model and how the topology and service models fit together. The YANG data model defined in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture .

Terminology and Notations This document assumes that the reader is familiar with IS-IS and the contents of . The document uses terms from those documents. The terminology for describing YANG data models is found in , and . The term Digital Twin, Digital Map, Digital Map Modelling, Digital Map Model, Digital Map Data, and Topology are specified in .

Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in , when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Tree Diagram Authors include a simplified graphical representation of the data model specified in of this document. The meaning of the symbols in these diagrams is defined in .

Prefix in Data Node Names In this document, names of data nodes and other data model objects are prefixed using the standard prefix associated with the corresponding YANG imported modules, as shown in the following table. Prefixes and corresponding YANG modules

Prefix	Yang Module	Reference
isisnt	ietf-l3-isis-topology	RFCXXX
yang	ietf-yang-types

RFC Editor Note: Please replace XXXX with the RFC number assigned to this document. Please remove this note.

Use Cases This information is required in the IP/MPLS planning process to properly assess the required network resources to meet the traffic demands in normal and failure scenarios. Network operators perform the capacity planning for their networks and run regular what-if scenarios analysis based on representations of the real network. Those what-if analysis and capacity planning processes require, among other information, a topological view (domains, nodes, links, network interconnection) of the deployed network. The standardization of an abstracted view of the IS-IS topology model as NorthBound Interface (NBI) of Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers allows the unified query of the IS-IS topology in order to inject this information into third party tools covering specialized cases. The IS-IS topological model should export enough IS-IS information to permit these tools to simulate the IP routing. By mapping the traffic demand, ideally at the IP flow level, to the topology, we can simulate the traffic growth, evaluating this way its effect on the routing and quality of service. That is, simulating how IP-level traffic demands would be forwarded, after IS-IS convergence is reached, and from there estimating, using appropriate mathematical models, related KPIs like the occupation in the links or end-to-end latencies. In summary, the network-wide view of the IS-IS topology enables multiple use cases:

• Network design: verifying that the actual deployed IS-IS network conforms to the planned design.
• Capacity planning. Dimensioning or redesign of the IP infrastructure to satisfy target KPI metrics under existing or forecasted traffic demands.
• What-if analysis. Estimation of the network KPIs in modified network situations. For instance, failure situations, traffic anomaly situations, addition or deletion of new adjacencies, IGP weight reconfigurations, etc.
• Failure analysis. Systematic and massive test of the network under multiple simulated failure situations, evaluating the network fault tolerance properties, and using mathematical models to derive statistical network availability metrics.

Relationship with the IS-IS YANG Model specifies a YANG data model that can be used to configure and manage the IS-IS protocol on network elements. This data model covers the configuration of an IS-IS routing protocol instance, as well as the retrieval of IS-IS operational states. is still expected to be used for individual network elements configuration and monitoring. On the other hand, the proposed YANG model in this document covers the abstracted view of the entire network topology containing IS-IS. As such, this model is aimed at being available via the NBI of an SDN controller.

Relationship with Digital Map As described in , the Digital Map provides the core multi-layer topology model and data for the digital twin and connects them to the other digital twin models and data. The Digital Map Modelling defines the core topological entities, their role in the network, core properties, and relationships both inside each layer and between the layers. The Digital Map Model is a basic topological model that is linked to other functional parts of the digital twin and connects them all: configuration, maintenance, assurance (KPIs, status, health, symptoms), Traffic Engineering (TE), different behaviors and actions, simulation, emulation, mathematical abstractions, AI algorithms, etc. As such the IGP topology of the Digital Map (in this case, IS-IS) is just one of the layers of the Digital Map, for specific user (the network operator in charge of the IGP) for specific IGP use cases as described before.

Use of IETF-Topology for Representing an IP/MPLS network domain IP/MPLS networks can contain multiple domain IGP domains. We can define an IGP domain as the collection of nodes and links that participate in the same IGP process. The topology information of a domain can be structured according to ietf-network-topology data model . For example, if BGP-LS is used to collect the information, the nodes and links that are announced with the same combination of AS number / domain ID are considered to belong to the same domain. If a node and/or layer termination point participates in more than one IGP, it will be present in multiple IGP domain networks. As the basic components, node/links/termination points , it is therefore possible to joint the different different IGP topologies from a digital map modeling point of view. The ietf-network instance MUST include the following properties to indicate it is a domain running an IGP instance: A network-id that uniquely identifies such domain in the network. The "network-types" property should include the l3t:l3-unicast-topology, to indicate it is a network in which the nodes are capable of forwarding unicast packet. Also, this draft proposed to add a new property, "isis-topology", to indicate the topology being represented is running the IS-IS IGP process. Also, should the topology include information such as bandwidth, delay information or color, it must include the "YANG Data Model for Traffic Engineering" te-topology YANG data model. To include delay and bandwdith performance measurements , MUST include tet-pkt:te-packet under the previous property The supporting-network property can include the network-id of a base layer-3 network. The node property should include the list of nodes as described below. The ietf-network-topology:link MUST be present, with one link per each IP adjacency (one link for each direction of the adjancency).

YANG Data Model for IS-IS Topology The abstract (base) network data model is defined in the "ietf-network" and "ietf-network-topology" modules of . The L3 topology module is defined in the "ietf-l3-unicast-topology" module of . The ietf-l3-isis-topology builds on the data models defined in and , augmenting the nodes with IS-IS information. There is a set of parameters and augmentations that are included at the node level. Each parameter and description are detailed following:

• Network-types: Its presence identifies the IS-IS topology type. Thus, the network type MUST be isis-topology.
• IS-IS timer attributes: Identifies the node timer attributes configured in the network element. They are LSP lifetime and the LSP refresh interval.
• IS-IS status: contains the IS-IS status attributes (level, area-address and neighbours).

The following figure is based on the Figure 1 from , where the example-ospf-topology is replaced with ietf-l3-isis-topology and where arrows show how the modules augment each other.

IS-IS Topology module structure

There is a set of parameters and augmentations that are included at the network level.

• Network-types: Its presence identifies the IS-IS topology type. Thus, the network type MUST be isis-topology.

There is a set of parameters and augmentations that are included at the node level. Each parameter and description are detailed following:

• IS-IS node core attributes: contains the IS-IS core attributes (system-id, level, area-address).
• IS-IS timer attributes: Identifies the node timer attributes configured in the network element. They are LSP lifetime and the LSP refresh interval.

There is a set of parameters and augmentations that are included at the link level. Each parameter and description are detailed following:

• IS-IS link level. The level must be the same as the termination points at each end for Level 1 and Level 2 interfaces. There may be 2 links between the Level1-2 IS-IS interfaces, one for Level 1 adjacency and one for Level 2 adjacency.
• IS-IS link metric. Added on top of metric1 and metric2 of the l3-link-attributes

There is a set of parameters and augmentations are included at the termination point level. Each parameter is listed as follows:

• Interface-type: point-to point or broadcast
• Level. The level must be the same as for the node, except when node is Level 1-2 and the interfaces can only be Level 1 or Level 2.
• Passive mode

RFC8345 Limitations for the IS-IS Modeling There are some limitations in the that are explained in more detail in . The current version of the ietf-l3-isis-topology module is based on the current version of . The following will be addressed when is extended to support the identified limitations:

• Both IS-IS domain and IS-IS areas could be modelled as networks
• The IS-IS Areas will be connected via IS-IS links
• IS-IS nodes could belong to multiple IS-IS networks

IS-IS Topology Tree Diagram below shows the tree diagram of the YANG data model defined in module ietf-l3-isis-topology.yang ().

IS-IS Topology tree diagram

YANG Model for IS-IS topology This module imports types from and . Following the YANG model is presented.

IS-IS Topology YANG module WG List: Editor: Oscar Gonzalez de Dios Editor: Samier Barguil Editor: Victor Lopez Editor: Benoit Claise "; description "This module defines a model for Layer 3 ISIS topologies. Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision 2022-09-21 { description "Initial version"; reference "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS) Topology"; } grouping isis-topology-type { description "Identifies the topology type to be ISIS."; container isis-topology { presence "indicates ISIS topology"; description "The presence of the container node indicates ISIS topology"; } } grouping isis-link-attributes { description "Identifies the IS-IS link attributes."; container isis-link-attributes { description "Main Container to identify the ISIS Link Attributes"; leaf metric { type uint32 { range "0 .. 16777215"; } description "This type defines wide style format of IS-IS metric."; } leaf level { type ietf-isis:level; description "Level of an IS-IS node - can be level-1, level-2 or level-all."; } } } grouping isis-node-attributes { description "isis node scope attributes"; container isis-timer-attributes { description "Contains node timer attributes"; uses ietf-isis:lsp-parameters; } container isis-node-attributes { description "Main Container to identify the ISIS Node Attributes"; leaf system-id { type ietf-isis:system-id; description "System-id of the node."; } leaf level { type ietf-isis:level; description "Level of an IS-IS node - can be level-1, level-2 or level-all."; } leaf-list area-address { type ietf-isis:area-address; description "List of areas supported by the protocol instance."; } leaf lsp-lifetime { type uint16 { range "1..65535"; } units "seconds"; description "Lifetime of the router's LSPs in seconds."; } leaf lsp-refresh-interval { type uint16 { range "1..65535"; } units "seconds"; description "Refresh interval of the router's LSPs in seconds."; } } } grouping isis-termination-point-attributes { description "IS-IS termination point scope attributes"; container isis-termination-point-attributes { description "Indicates the termination point from the which the IS-IS is configured. A termination point can be a physical port, an interface, etc."; leaf interface-type { type ietf-isis:interface-type; description "Type of adjacency (broadcast or point-to-point) to be established for the interface. This dictates the type of hello messages that are used."; } leaf level { type ietf-isis:level; description "Level of an IS-IS node - can be level-1, level-2 or level-all."; } leaf is-passive{ type boolean; description "Indicates whether the interface is in passive mode (IS-IS not running but network is advertised)."; } } } augment "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:network-types" { description "Introduces new network type for L3 Unicast topology"; uses isis-topology-type; } augment "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:node/l3t:l3-node-attributes" { when "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:network-types/isisnt:isis-topology" { description "Augmentation parameters apply only for networks with isis topology"; } description "isis node-level attributes "; uses isis-node-attributes; } augment "/nw:networks/nw:network/nt:link/l3t:l3-link-attributes" { when "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:network-types/isisnt:isis-topology" { description "Augmentation parameters apply only for networks with IS-IS topology"; } description "Augments topology link configuration"; uses isis-link-attributes; } augment "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:node/nt:termination-point"+ "/l3t:l3-termination-point-attributes" { when "/nw:networks/nw:network/nw:network-types/isisnt:isis-topology" { description "Augmentation parameters apply only for networks with IS-IS topology"; } description "Augments topology termination point configuration"; uses isis-termination-point-attributes; } } ]]>

Security Considerations The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF {!RFC6241}} or RESTCONF . The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH) . The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS . The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. There are a number of data nodes defined in this YANG module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations.

IANA Considerations This document registers the following namespace URIs in the IETF XML registry : This document registers the following YANG module in the YANG Module Names registry :

References Normative References This document defines an abstract (generic, or base) YANG data model for network/service topologies and inventories. The data model serves as a base model that is augmented with technology-specific details in other, more specific topology and inventory data models. This document defines a YANG data model for Layer 3 network topologies. This document defines a YANG data model for representing, retrieving, and manipulating Traffic Engineering (TE) Topologies. The model serves as a base model that other technology-specific TE topology models can augment. Huawei Huawei Telefonica Swisscom Swisscom Orange This document shares experience in modelling digital map based on the IETF RFC 8345 topology YANG modules and some of its augmentations. First, the concept of Digital Map is defined and its connection to the Digital Twin is explained. Next to Digital Map requirements and use cases, the document identifies a set of open issues encountered during the modelling phases, the missing features in RFC 8345, and some perspectives on how to address them. Datastores are a fundamental concept binding the data models written in the YANG data modeling language to network management protocols such as the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and RESTCONF. This document defines an architectural framework for datastores based on the experience gained with the initial simpler model, addressing requirements that were not well supported in the initial model. This document updates RFC 7950. YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration data, state data, Remote Procedure Calls, and notifications for network management protocols. This document describes the syntax and semantics of version 1.1 of the YANG language. YANG version 1.1 is a maintenance release of the YANG language, addressing ambiguities and defects in the original specification. There are a small number of backward incompatibilities from YANG version 1. This document also specifies the YANG mappings to the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document captures the current syntax used in YANG module tree diagrams. The purpose of this document is to provide a single location for this definition. This syntax may be updated from time to time based on the evolution of the YANG language. This document introduces a collection of common data types to be used with the YANG data modeling language. This document obsoletes RFC 6021. This document defines a YANG data model that can be used to configure and manage the IS-IS protocol on network elements. This document defines a YANG data model for the management of network interfaces. It is expected that interface-type-specific data models augment the generic interfaces data model defined in this document. The data model includes definitions for configuration and system state (status information and counters for the collection of statistics). The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in RFC 8342. This document obsoletes RFC 7223. This document describes an HTTP-based protocol that provides a programmatic interface for accessing data defined in YANG, using the datastore concepts defined in the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). This document describes a method for invoking and running the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) within a Secure Shell (SSH) session as an SSH subsystem. This document obsoletes RFC 4742. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document specifies version 1.3 of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. TLS allows client/server applications to communicate over the Internet in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. This document updates RFCs 5705 and 6066, and obsoletes RFCs 5077, 5246, and 6961. This document also specifies new requirements for TLS 1.2 implementations. The standardization of network configuration interfaces for use with the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) or the RESTCONF protocol requires a structured and secure operating environment that promotes human usability and multi-vendor interoperability. There is a need for standard mechanisms to restrict NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol access for particular users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. This document defines such an access control model. This document obsoletes RFC 6536. This document describes an IANA maintained registry for IETF standards which use Extensible Markup Language (XML) related items such as Namespaces, Document Type Declarations (DTDs), Schemas, and Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas. YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration and state data manipulated by the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), NETCONF remote procedure calls, and NETCONF notifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK] Informative References Alef Edge Individual Juniper Networks Cisco Systems Inc Ciena Telefonica This document defines a YANG data model for layer 3 traffic engineering topologies. In many environments, a component external to a network is called upon to perform computations based on the network topology and the current state of the connections within the network, including Traffic Engineering (TE) information. This is information typically distributed by IGP routing protocols within the network. This document describes a mechanism by which link-state and TE information can be collected from networks and shared with external components using the BGP routing protocol. This is achieved using a BGP Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) encoding format. The mechanism applies to physical and virtual (e.g., tunnel) IGP links. The mechanism described is subject to policy control. Applications of this technique include Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) servers and Path Computation Elements (PCEs). This document obsoletes RFC 7752 by completely replacing that document. It makes some small changes and clarifications to the previous specification. This document also obsoletes RFC 9029 by incorporating the updates that it made to RFC 7752.

Implementation Status Note to the RFC-Editor: Please remove this section before publishing.

Implementation Status in Telefonica Group The Yang based topology model proposed in this draft is being used today in one of the Telefonica operations to export the Multi-vendor IP/MPLS topology based on multiple IS-IS domains to several Operation Support System tools for visualization, capacity planning and simulation. A commercial controller has implemented the exposure of the information. It is one of the building blocks to expose the network capabilities, together with other models which cover the inventory and service provisioning in a vendor-agnostic fashion.

Huawei Digital Map PoC Status As mentioned in , a Digital Map PoC with a real lab has been built, based on multi- vendor devices, with as the base YANG module for the topology building blocks. This PoC successfully modelled IS-IS routing (among other technologies and layers), but it needs to be further aligned with this latest developments in this draft.

Implementation Status in E-lighthouse Network Solutions E-lighthouse Network Solutions (https://e-lighthouse.com/) implementation is consuming the IS-IS network topology information exported by a commercial controller, using the Yang model proposed in this draft. It is able to simulate the network behavior under different changes, covering the what-if, failure analysis, dimensioning and other use cases mentioned in this draft.

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Pierre Francois for the review and suggestions the document. This work is partially supported by the European Commission under grant agreement No. 101092766 (ALLEGRO Project) and Horizon 2020 Secured autonomic traffic management for a Tera of SDN flows (Teraflow) project (grant agreement number 101015857).

Contributors Huawei

olga.havel@huawei.com

Universidad Politecnica de Cartegena

pablo.pavon@upct.es